{"id":1287,"date":"2020-11-27T15:24:56","date_gmt":"2020-11-27T12:24:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/partner-c.com.ua\/?p=1287"},"modified":"2026-09-09T14:48:13","modified_gmt":"2026-09-09T11:48:13","slug":"kanalizacija","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/partner-c.com.ua\/en\/blog\/kanalizacija\/","title":{"rendered":"Office Sewerage: Design & Installation"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Reliable <strong>office sewerage<\/strong> is a system you never notice while it works properly, but one that reminds you of itself instantly \u2014 with odours, blockages or leaks \u2014 if it is installed with mistakes. Its main task is to remove contaminated wastewater beyond the premises, and on a building scale, to drain rainwater from precipitation and snowmelt as well.<\/p>\n<p>In this guide, Partner Create engineers explain how internal <strong>sewerage<\/strong> works, what its types are, why the vent stack matters and which mistakes occur most often during installation. It will be useful for business owners and managers planning to set up or update the <strong>engineering networks<\/strong> during an office renovation.<\/p>\n<h2>What internal sewerage is and what it consists of<\/h2>\n<p>Internal sewerage is a system that carries drainage from sanitary appliances to the external network. It consists of:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>sanitary appliances and wastewater receivers;<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>socket-and-spigot pipes;<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>connecting shaped fittings;<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>network cleaning devices.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Sanitary appliances are the core elements of sanitary equipment: they connect to both the water supply and the sewerage networks at once. By purpose, they are installed in bathrooms and showers (washbasins, shower trays, floor drains), in toilets (WCs, urinals with flush tanks or valves) and in kitchens (sinks). Appliances are made of cast iron, ceramics, sheet steel, non-ferrous metals and alloys, or plastic, and are coated on the outside with vitreous enamel, glaze or galvanic coatings.<\/p>\n<p>An important detail: each appliance is fitted not only with a tap or mixer, but with a <strong>siphon that has a water seal<\/strong>. It is this water seal that prevents contaminated air from the sewer network flowing back into the room \u2014 without it, the office will smell.<\/p>\n<h2>Types of sewerage: \u041a1, \u041a2 and \u041a3<\/h2>\n<p>Internal sewerage is divided into three varieties \u2014 and in an office it helps to know which does what:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u041a1 \u2014 household-domestic<\/strong> sewerage: carries drainage from restrooms, bathrooms and showers, kitchens, public toilets and other rooms. This is the main system for most offices.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u041a2 \u2014 storm (rainwater)<\/strong> sewerage: drains water from the roof. To avoid water stagnating on the roof and destroying the covering, drain funnels (cap-type or flat) are installed to collect rain and meltwater and lead it out of the building via the pipe system.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u041a3 \u2014 industrial<\/strong> sewerage: for technological drainage. Its distinctive feature is additional structures such as grease traps or pumping stations. Since industrial drainage is considered &#8220;contaminated&#8221; (unlike &#8220;conditionally clean&#8221; \u041a1 and &#8220;clean&#8221; \u041a2), \u041a3 is best given a separate outlet from the building into a separate well, with the wastewater pre-treated.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>In offices the basis is household-domestic sewerage \u041a1. Elements of \u041a3 may be needed if the office has a full kitchen or canteen \u2014 then, for example, a grease trap is installed.<\/p>\n<h2>How household-domestic sewerage (\u041a1) works<\/h2>\n<p>Along the flow of wastewater, the \u041a1 system consists of these elements: <strong>sanitary appliance \u2192 siphon (water seal) \u2192 outlet pipe \u2192 sewer riser \u2192 outlet network in the basement.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>At the end of the network&#8217;s outlet pipe there is a cleanout \u2014 a tee with a screw plug, through which blockages are convenient to clear. An important standard applies here: counting from this cleanout, the length of the sewer outlet must not exceed <strong>12 metres<\/strong> with a pipe diameter of <strong>100 mm<\/strong> (per DBN V.2.5-64:2012). Exceeding this distance is one of the typical design mistakes that later complicates maintenance.<\/p>\n<h2>Sewer ventilation: the vent stack and vacuum valves<\/h2>\n<p>Special attention goes to the <strong>vent stack<\/strong>. Its job is to let air into the sewer system. This allows the network to transport large volumes of water quickly and remove unpleasant odours, and it also keeps the water seals in the siphons from breaking.<\/p>\n<p>The height of the stack above the roof is taken per DBN V.2.5-64:2012 as no less than:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>0.3 m<\/strong> \u2014 for flat non-operated roofs;<\/li>\n<li><strong>0.5 m<\/strong> \u2014 for pitched roofs;<\/li>\n<li><strong>3 m<\/strong> \u2014 for operated roofs.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The stack can be left without ventilation (not led above the roof) if its height does not exceed <strong>90 internal diameters<\/strong> of the riser pipe. An alternative to the vent stack is <strong>vacuum valves<\/strong>: installed at top-floor level, they perform the same function. A vacuum valve can also be fitted to a floor outlet pipe to prevent odour spreading in a specific room. That said, for large multi-apartment buildings a vacuum valve is not enough \u2014 a full vent stack is better there.<\/p>\n<h2>Design and installation of office sewerage: what to consider<\/h2>\n<p>Sewerage, like water supply, is laid at an early, rough stage of a renovation \u2014 before finishing. It must be planned together with the water supply, since sanitary appliances connect to both systems at once. What matters:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Pipe slopes.<\/strong> Drainage flows by gravity, so the correct slope is critical \u2014 without it, water stagnates and pipes clog.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Placement of appliances and risers.<\/strong> The closer appliances are to the riser, the simpler and more reliable the scheme; long horizontal runs raise the risk of blockages.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Access for cleaning.<\/strong> Cleanouts and inspection points must remain accessible even after finishing.<\/li>\n<li><strong>System ventilation.<\/strong> A vent stack or vacuum valves are essential to avoid odours and broken seals.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Sewerage is best designed properly at the <a href=\"https:\/\/partner-c.com.ua\/en\/our-services\/design-and-engineering\/\">engineering design<\/a> stage, while restrooms and the kitchen can still be placed optimally relative to the risers.<\/p>\n<h2>Common mistakes in sewerage installation<\/h2>\n<p>These are the mistakes that most often leave offices with odours and blockages:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>a sewer outlet longer than 12 metres from the cleanout with a 100 mm pipe;<\/li>\n<li>missing or insufficient system ventilation (no vent stack or vacuum valve) \u2014 which breaks water seals and lets odours in;<\/li>\n<li>insufficient or reverse slopes on horizontal runs;<\/li>\n<li>no grease trap where there is a kitchen or canteen;<\/li>\n<li>connecting industrial \u041a3 drainage into a shared outlet with \u041a1 without pre-treatment.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>A contractor who runs the whole engineering complex and is accountable for the result helps avoid them. See examples of completed sites in our <a href=\"https:\/\/partner-c.com.ua\/en\/portfolio\/office-spaces\/\">office spaces portfolio<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2>Office sewerage in brief<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Office sewerage removes wastewater; the key defence against odour is the siphon&#8217;s water seal.<\/li>\n<li>Types: \u041a1 (household-domestic), \u041a2 (storm), \u041a3 (industrial); in offices the basis is \u041a1.<\/li>\n<li>The \u041a1 scheme: appliance \u2192 siphon \u2192 outlet pipe \u2192 riser \u2192 outlet network in the basement.<\/li>\n<li>The outlet from the cleanout is up to 12 m with a 100 mm pipe (DBN V.2.5-64:2012).<\/li>\n<li>Ventilation is provided by a vent stack (0.3\/0.5\/3 m above the roof) or vacuum valves.<\/li>\n<li>Sewerage is designed together with the water supply at an early renovation stage.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Frequently Asked Questions<\/h2>\n<div class=\"accordions__inner ind_animation\"> \r\n<div class=\"accordion__item\">\r\n\t<div class=\"tt__inner pr\">What types of sewerage are there?<\/div>\r\n\t<div class=\"tx__inner\"><div><p>Internal sewerage splits into three types: \u041a1 \u2014 household-domestic, \u041a2 \u2014 storm, \u041a3 \u2014 industrial. In offices the basis is \u041a1, while \u041a3 elements (such as a grease trap) are needed where there is a full kitchen or canteen.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\r\n<\/div> \r\n<div class=\"accordion__item\">\r\n\t<div class=\"tt__inner pr\">Why is a vent stack needed?<\/div>\r\n\t<div class=\"tx__inner\"><div><p>The vent stack lets air into the sewer system: this allows large volumes of water to be drained quickly, removes odours and keeps the siphon water seals from breaking. Its height above the roof ranges from 0.3 to 3 m depending on the roof type.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\r\n<\/div> \r\n<div class=\"accordion__item\">\r\n\t<div class=\"tt__inner pr\">How long can a sewer outlet be?<\/div>\r\n\t<div class=\"tx__inner\"><div><p>Per DBN V.2.5-64:2012, the outlet length from the cleanout must not exceed 12 metres with a 100 mm pipe diameter. Exceeding this distance makes cleaning harder and raises the risk of blockages.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\r\n<\/div> \r\n<div class=\"accordion__item\">\r\n\t<div class=\"tt__inner pr\">At what renovation stage is sewerage installed?<\/div>\r\n\t<div class=\"tx__inner\"><div><p>Sewerage is laid at the early, rough stage \u2014 before final finishing and together with the water supply, since sanitary appliances connect to both networks. It is best planned during the design stage.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\r\n<\/div> <\/div>\n<h2>Order sewerage design and installation from Partner Create<\/h2>\n<p>Well-designed office sewerage means no odours, blockages or emergency leaks. Partner Create will design and install the drainage in coordination with the water supply and other engineering networks, and take responsibility for the result.<\/p>\n<p>Explore our work in the <a href=\"https:\/\/partner-c.com.ua\/en\/portfolio\/\">portfolio<\/a>, read useful materials on the <a href=\"https:\/\/partner-c.com.ua\/en\/blog\/\">blog<\/a>, or <a href=\"https:\/\/partner-c.com.ua\/en\/contact\/\">get in touch<\/a> to discuss your project. Call <strong>+38 050 388 24 49<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>We also recommend <a href=\"https:\/\/partner-c.com.ua\/en\/blog\/vodopostachannja\/\">Office Water Supply: Design &amp; Installation<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/partner-c.com.ua\/en\/blog\/stroitelnye-raboty\/\">Construction Works in the Office: Types &amp; Stages<\/a> \u2014 sewerage is always planned alongside the water supply.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Reliable office sewerage is a system you never notice while it works properly, but one that reminds you of itself instantly \u2014 with odours, blockages or leaks \u2014 if it is installed with mistakes. Its main task &hellip; <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":1288,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"wpai_generated_summary":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1287","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articles"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.5 (Yoast SEO v28.5) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Office Sewerage: Design &amp; Installation | Partner Create<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"How office sewerage works: design, installation and common mistakes. What to consider during renovation. 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design, installation and common mistakes. 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What to consider during renovation. 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